Early, controversial studies of chimpanzees and language showed that these animals can understand the basics of language on the two-and-a-half-year- old level of children. Recent studies have shown that other chimpanzees, such as the Bonobo or pygmy, are more humanlike and adept at language and communication than the earlier chimpanzees who were studied.

The best title for this selection is

Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in traveling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating.

Short track speed skating takes place on a smaller rink, normally the size of an ice hockey rink. Distances are shorter than in long track racing, with the longest Olympic race being 3000 meters. Races are usually held as knockouts, with the best two in heats of four or five qualifying for the final race, where medals are awarded. Disqualifications and falls are not uncommon.

The sport originates from pack-style events held in North America and was officially sanctioned in the 1970s, becoming an Olympic sport in 1992. Although this form of speed skating is newer, it is growing faster than long track speed skating, largely because short track can be done on an ice hockey rink rather than a long-track oval.

What does the auther cite as the reason that short track speed skating is growing faster than long-track speed skating?

Racism is still a widespread problem in North Americ For example, one man of Arab descent was held at an airport for hours for no apparent reason. The man said he was later told that officials thought he was carrying a bom An African-American woman was passed over for a promotion. She says the job went to a less qualified applicant.

The author is constructing her argument by:

The title Grandmaster is awarded to chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. Once achieved, the title is held for life.

According to this passage, which of the following is true:

Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870. Pragmatism is a rejection of the idea that the function of thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality. Instead, pragmatists develop their philosophy around the idea that the function of thought is as a instrument or tool for prediction, action, and problem solving.

Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics - such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science - are all best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes rather than in terms of representative accuracy.

Pragmatism would best be described as a philosophy that focuses on:

Proper environmental management is the key to avoiding a quarter of all preventable illnesses that are directly caused by environmental factors. Each year, 13 million deaths are due to preventable environmental causes. Preventing environmental risk can save as many as 4 million lives a year, predominantly in developing countries, among children aged less than 15 years.

Based on this passage, the author would agree:

Robert Cullon, 80, has a neurological condition that makes his feet numb and forces him to rely on a walker. He thought he was driving just fine, but his six children were worried. Instead of handing over his keys, though, Mr. Cullon, who lives in Albany, decided to consult a driving rehabilitation specialist. She rode with him, observing how well he used his feet, how good his reflexes were, and how good his range of motion was in his shoulders and neck. Then she pronounced him fit to take the wheel.”

From this passage, the reader can infer that Mr. Cullon:

During the analysis of the film footage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, a mysterious woman was spotted. She was wearing a brown overcoat and a scarf on her head (the scarf is the reason for her name as she wore it in a similar style to Russian grandmothers—also called babushkas). The woman appeared to be holding something in front of her face, which was believed to be a camera. She appeared in many photos of the scene. Even after the shooting when most people had fled the area, she remained in place and continued to film.

The mysterious woman, nicknamed Babushka, was discovered:

During an excavation in western China, archaeologists were surprised to discover more than 100 mummified corpses that dated back 2,000 years. But a college professor named Victor Mair was downright stupefied when he came skull-to-skull with some of the blond-haired and long-nosed Tarim mummies after they were dug up and put on display at a museum. So in 1993, Mair returned to collect DNA samples from the mummies. Test results ultimately validated his hunch that the bodies were of European genetic stock.

In this passage, what does the word “stupefied” most nearly mean?

Longtime Attorney General Darrell McGraw was a fierce enforcer of state consumer protection laws, winning billions from firms and fly-by-night outfits that committed consumer violations.

For West Virginia illness and death caused by cigarettes, McGraw won two lawsuit settlements from 23 tobacco firms for \$1.7 billion and \$200 million. In 2002, McGraw won $56 million from 15 coal companies that used "independent contractors" to duck state workers' compensation obligations.

A company who has violated state consumer protection laws in West Virginia would likely have which of the following opinions of Mr. McGraw?